The Development of Modern Islamic Thought in Aceh: Islamic Communication, Social Transformation, and Community Engagement

Abstract

This article aims to examine the dynamics of contemporary Islamic thought in Indonesia by highlighting the contestation between traditionalism, modernism, and fundamentalism in Islamic intellectual history. These three currents of thought reflect the response of Indonesian Muslims to social, political, and cultural changes, as well as the challenges of globalization and modernity. Traditionalism seeks to preserve the legacy of classical scholars and religious practices rooted in local traditions. Modernism seeks to reinterpret Islamic texts to suit scientific developments and the demands of the times. Meanwhile, fundamentalism emphasizes the purification of Islamic teachings by returning to the Qur'an and Hadith in a textual and strict manner. This study uses a library research method with a descriptive-qualitative approach, namely reviewing various relevant literature related to the development of Islamic thought in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that (1) the emergence of these three currents of thought cannot be separated from historical dynamics, such as colonialism, the development of Islamic education, and the process of global modernization that influences the socio-religious structure of Indonesian Muslim society. (2) The contestation between traditionalism, modernism, and fundamentalism is not always conflictual, but also produces dialogue and intellectual dialectics that enrich the treasury of Islamic thought in Indonesia. The interaction of these three currents shapes the face of Indonesian Islam, which is plural, dynamic, and adaptive to changing times, both in education, politics, and socio-religious life. This study concludes that the dynamics of contemporary Islamic thought are a complex historical process, in which these three main currents interact to shape Islamic discourse in Indonesia. The novelty of this research lies in its analytical emphasis on the patterns of contestation and dialectics between traditionalism, modernism, and fundamentalism in shaping the construction of Indonesian Islamic thought in a more integrative and contextual manner.