The Application of Seven Social Theories in Analyzing Changes in Public Administration in Modern Society

Abstract

The social changes that occur in modern society are a compound phenomenon that cannot be explained comprehensively by a single theoretical framework. This article aims to analyze seven major social theories including civil society (Aristotle), instrumental individualism (Thomas Hobbes), social systems theory (Adam Smit), conflict theory (Karl Marx), consensus theory (Emile Durkheim), action (Max Weber), and phenomenological approaches (Alfred Schutz), comparatively in the context of social change in modern society, with special emphasis on their relevance to contemporary Indonesian social realities. The method used in this study is a literature study through various books, journals, and scientific sources related to social theory. The results of the study show that each character has a different view in understanding society, ranging from humans as social beings, the role of the state, economic systems, class conflicts, social solidarity, social actions, to individual subjective experiences. The novelty of this study is proven that differences of views show that social life can be understood through various complementary approaches (multidimensional Appproach).